Anatomical variants of superior and inferior vena cava epos. Superior vena cava brachiocephalic trunk auricle of left atrium coronary sinus right atrium. In this article, we will look at the anatomy of the superior vena cava its position, tributaries and clinical correlations. The superior vena cava svc is a large valveless venous channel formed by the union of the brachiocephalic veins. The superior vena cava svc starts at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins behind the first right costal cartilage, and ends at the level of the third right costal cartilage where it drains into the right atrium. This vein was carefully dissected and followed to its termination in the right atrium. The right innominate vein lies more vertical and is shorter then the left innominate vein. It is formed by the joining of the right and the left common iliac veins, usually at the level of the fifth lumbar vertebra. The purpose of this report is to alert the perfusionist to the anatomy of persistent left superior vena cava plsvc and the intraoperative complications that this anomaly may present. Superior vena cava syndrome svc syndrome slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. The normal superior and inferior vena cava anatomy was found in 88. Vena cavae anatomy of the superior vena cava and inferior.
Features of the chambers right atrium the inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the level of t8 and immediately enters the right atrium, which lacks a true valve. Anatomy of the cardiovascular systemchapter 18 559 s r l i right brachiocephalic vein. Anatomy of the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic veins. The cellular architecture of the human atrioventricular node, with a note on its morphology in the presence of a left superior vena cava. Match each structure listed on the left with the correct key letter. Part 1 aorta superior vena cava inferior vena cava hepatic portal vein notes. The superior vena cava is formed by the junction of the right and left. Superior vena cava vertically oriented begins posterior to the lower edge of first costal cartilage terminates at the lower border of. Lancour national rules committee chairman life science. It descends down 5 to 7 cm to where it enters the posterior aspect of the right atrium at the level of the third costochondral cartilage.
Any information contained in this pdf file is automatically generated from digital. Its purpose is to bring deoxygenated blood from the upper portions of the body back to the heart. The superior vena cava enters the superior aspect of the chamber. Case of duplicate superior vena cava and interrupted. A case of a duplicated inferior vena cava ivc along with other anatomical vessel variations in a 72yearold male cadaver is presented. Pdf anatomy of the superior vena cava and brachiocephalic. When they contract, the blood is pushed through tubes called blood vessels. Atlases for organs at risk oars in thoracic radiation. He should also be aware that, during cardiopulmonary bypass. The superior vena cava svc is formed by the confluence of the right and left innominate veins and enters the right atrium at its upper pole.
Blood is pumped from the right atrium into the right ventricle. Superior vena cava definition of superior vena cava by. The superior vena cava is formed by the confluence of the left and right brachiocephalic veins in the superior mediastinum at the level of the right first costal cartilage. The analogous vessels in the pulmonary circulation are the pulmonary trunk and the four pulmonary veins. This is an article covering the anatomy, function and clinical aspects of the superior vena cava. If your institution subscribes to this resource, and you dont have a myaccess profile, please contact your librarys reference desk for information on how to. These blood vessels carry oxygendepleted blood from various regions of the body to the right atrium of the heart. The approximate location of the sinus node is indicated by the arrow.
The perfusionist should be able to devise a venous circuit that will accommodate three cannulae. The superior vena cava svc is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks that return deoxygenated blood from the systemic circulation to the right atrium of the heart. In the fetus, however, there is the socalled valve of the inferior vena cava, a fold of tissue that directs caval blood into the foramen ovale. Blood from the arms, neck, and head travel back to the superior vena cava. The left side of the heart left heart receives welloxygenated arterial blood from the lungs through the pulmonary veins and pumps it into the aorta for distribution to the body. A case of superior vena cava syndrome secondary to longstanding benign obstructing disease is presented. The venae cavae are the two largest veins in the body. Superior vena cava questions and study guide quizlet.
The superior vena cava svc is the superior of the two venae cavae, the great venous trunks. The inferior vena cava handles venous return from the portion of the body inferior to the diaphragm. B is a view of the posterior surface of the same heart to demonstrate the normal large left superior vena cava which terminates as the coronary sinus cs. Anatomy, thorax, superior vena cava statpearls ncbi bookshelf. Anatomy of the cardiac conduction system in the rabbit. An example of persistent left superior vena cava was found during a routine dissection. One of the following does not exist in right atrium. Anatomy of the cardiovascular, respiratory, and lymphatic. The superior vena cava svc is a large, valveless vein that conveys venous blood from the upper half of the body and returns it to the right atrium. The superior vena cava drains from the left and right brachiocephalic veins into the right. Measurement of the vena cava at postmortem examination. The superior vena cava delivers blood from the head and chest area to the heart, while the inferior vena cava returns blood from the lower body regions to the heart. A n a t o m y o f th e superior vena ca va and brachiocephalic ve in s w. The superior vena cava brings blood back from the head and upper extremities to the heart while blood from the inferior vena cava brings it back to the heart from the remainder of the body.
The superior vena cava svc is a large, valveless vein that conveys venous blood from the upper half of the body and returns it to the right atrium in this article, we will look at the anatomy of the superior vena cava its position, tributaries and clinical correlations. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. It is a largediameter 24 mm short length vein that receives venous return from the. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Its walls are rigid and it has valves so the blood does not flow down via gravity. The cellular architecture of the human atrioventricular. This is the first reported case of a duplicate superior vena cava and interrupted inferior vena cava in a single patient in english literature. After last weeks aorta, lets look at the anatomy of the superior vena cava and inferior vena cava and how blood from the body gets back to the heart. It receives blood from the upper half of the body except the heart and returns it to the right atrium. The structure should extend at least 3 cm above the ptv.
Anatomy of the cardiovascular system key terms anastomosis arteriole artery atrium capillary endocardium endothelium epicardium. Mdct is the method of choice to differentiate lsvc from other veins that may. Anatomy final examsuggested questions page 4 e none of the above is correct 21. The superior vena cava is very important for the function of the cardiovascular system, since it largely contributes to the input of blood to the right atrium. Vena cava, in airbreathing vertebrates, including humans, either of two major trunks, the anterior and posterior venae cavae, that deliver oxygendepleted blood to the right side of the heart. The inferior vena cava or ivc is a large vein that carries the deoxygenated blood from the lower and middle body into the right atrium of the heart. Any hypertensive process in the right half of the heart or in the pulmonary circulation retrogradelly affects both superior and inferior venae cavae. Superior vena cava an overview sciencedirect topics.
The svc is formed by the confluence of the right and left brachiocephalic veins. Clinical anatomy is the official journal of the american association of clinical anatomists and the british association of clinical anatomists. View test prep 357studyblue flashcard printing of anatomy and physiology study guide 201617 miller. The anterior vena cava, also known as the precava, drains the head end of the body, while the posterior. The anomalous vessels involved, besides the ivc, were the left testicular vein and artery, the left suprarenal artery and a superior accessory left renal artery. A case of a double inferior vena cava ivc with retroaortic left renal vein, azygos continuation of the ivc, and presence of the hepatic portion of the ivc drained into the right renal vein is.
Situated in the vena caval system, ivox extends from the upper end of the superior vena cava via the right atrium to the lower end of the inferior vena cava. The inferior vena cava passes through the diaphragm at the level of t8 and immediately enters the right atrium, which lacks a true valve. Variants of anatomy of the of superior and inferior vena cava are congenital. One of the following muscles originates from the lateral epicondyle of humerus. The superior vena cava svc starts at the confluence of the brachiocephalic veins behind the first right costal cartilage. The venous side of the systemic vascular circula tion returns the left ventricular cardiac output in a converging fashion to the superior and inferior vena cava and.
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